Alternative wax recovery from Apis mellifera: Different combs size effect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17313Keywords:
Animal product; Apiculture; Innovation; Processing; Steam extraction; Technology.Abstract
The bee wax has great historical importance and has been present since the evolution of civilizations. Currently, besides several uses of the wax, its recovery is indispensable for the rational management of swarms by beekeepers. The wax can be recovered from the combs using different techniques, however the conditions of the pre-extraction combs, such as their size, can influence the wax yield. Thus, studies must still be carried out to standardize the techniques and processes for extracting the wax from the combs, in order to improve the wax yield. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of Apis mellifera wax according to the size of the comb using an alternative extraction technique. First, the influence of the comb size on wax recovery was evaluated. We used brown color combs, which were broken down into four sizes, each size representing a treatment, namely: Treatment I - 25 cm2; Treatment II - 16 cm2; Treatment III - 9 cm2 and Treatment IV - 4 cm2. Combs were submitted to the "internal strain" technique for 30 minutes of extraction, after boiling the water. The wax recovery was superior in treatment III (P <0.05). Wax recovery from treatment IV was similar to treatment II, which, in turn, showed similar recovery to treatment I (P <0.05). Besides, the wax recovery using 9 cm2 combs was evaluated by the commercial technique of "steam extraction" and the alternative technique of "internal strain", for a period of 30 minutes. The “internal strain” technique showed greater wax recovery than the “steam extraction” technique (P <0.01). The use of alternative wax recovery together with 9 cm2 combs size may optimize the wax extraction process, in terms that it decreases the time of exposure of the wax to heat, and thus positively affect the quality of the final product.
References
Al Waili, N. S. (2003). Topical application of natural honey, bees wax and olive oil mixture for a topic dermatitis or psoriasis: partially controlled, single-blinded study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, v. 11, n. 4. p. 226. DOI: 10.1016/s0965-2299(03)00120-1
Al Waili, N. S., Saloom, K. S., Al Waili, T. N. & Al Waili, A. N. (2006). The safety and efficacy of a mixture of honey, olive oil and bees wax for the management of hemorrhoids and anal fissure: a pilot study. TSW Holistic Health and Medicine, v. 1. 26 p. DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2006.333
Benson, G. G., Hemingway, S. R. & Leach, F. N. (1978). Composition of the wrappings of an ancient Egyptian mummy. Journal Pharm Pharmacol, Suppl 30. 78 p. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1978.tb10785.x
Bogdanov, S. (2012). Beeswax: Production, Properties Composition and Control. Beeswax Book, Chapter I. Bee Product Science. Muehlethurnen, Switzerland, 15 January. 18 p. URL: www.bee-hexagon.net
Bradbear, N. (2009). Bees and their roles in forest livelyhoods. A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products. FAO, Rome, 194 p.
Couto, R. H. N. & Couto, L. A. (2006). Beekeeping: Management and Products. 3rd ed. (In Portuguese). Jaboticabal, SP: FUNEP. 193p.
Crane, E. (1999). The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting. Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd; London, p. 524-538.
Feeburg, J. B. (1986). Beekeeping techniques and practice (In Portuguese). Porto Alegre. 128 p.
Ferreira, E. B., Cavalcanti, P. P. & Nogueira, D. A. (2014). "ExpDes: an R package for ANOVA and experimental designs." Applied Mathematics, v. 5, p. 2952-2958. DOI: 10.4236/am.2014.519280
Gomes, L. (2019). Slavery: From the first auction of captives in Portugal to the death of Zumbi of the Palmares, Volume 1. 1. ed. (In Portuguese) - Rio de Janeiro: Globo Livros. 479 p.
Kacaniova, M., Vukovic, N., Chlebo, R., Hascik, P., Rovna, K., Cubon, J., Dzugan, M. & Pasternakiewicz, A. (2012). The Antimicrobial Activity of Honey, Bee Pollen Loads and Bees wax from Slovakia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Slovak Republic, v. 64, p. 927-934. DOI:10.2298/ABS1203927K
Krivtsov, N. & Lebedev, V. (1995). Beekeeping products. 2nd ed. (In Russian) Stereotype M.: Niva, Russia; Eurasian region. 252 p.
Lima, M. A. (1977). Beekeeping in Paraná (In Portuguese). Revista Paranaense de Desenvolvimento, v.59, p. 9-39.
Lucente, P., Cavalli, M., Vezzani, C., Orlandi, C. & Vincenzi, C. (1996). Contact cheil it is due to beeswax. Contact Dermatitis. v. 35(4). Bologna, Italy. p. 258. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02378.x
Moustafa, A. & Atiba, A. (2015). The Effectiveness of a Mixture of Honey, Bees wax and Olive Oil in Treatment of Canine Deep Second-Degree Burn. Global Veterinaria, Egypt, v. 14, p. 244-250. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2015.14.02.9361
Nasrin, T. A. A., Rahman, M. A., Arfin, M. S., Islam, M. N. & Ullah, M. A. (2020). Effect of novel coconut oil and beeswax edible coating on postharvestquality of lemon at ambient storage. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. v.2. 7 p. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2019.100019
Peranovich, D. S., Orlando, G., Candelleiro, A., Orsi, R. O. & Gomes, S. M. A. (2009). Efficiency of three methods in the extraction and purification of bee wax (In Portuguese). Pubvet, v. 3, n. 13. 8 p. URL: http://pubvet.com.br/material/orsi555.pdf.
Peruzzo, T. M. & Canto, E. L. (2003). Chemistry: Single Volume (In Portuguese). São Paulo: Moderna. 354 p.
R Development Core Team. (2018). "R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing". URL: https://www.R-project.org/.
Witherell, P. C. (1975). Other products of the hive. In: DADANT & SON. The hive and the honeybee. 4th ed. Hamilton, Illinois, p.537-557.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Gleydson Luiz de Oliveira Neto; Lucas Lima Verardo; Cleube Andrade Boari; Rodrigo Diniz Silveira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
