Follicular lymphoma in the third eyelid in a feline: A case report of a rare neoplasm associated with co-infection viral by calicivirus, FIV and FeLV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17640Keywords:
Follicular Lymphoma; Tumor; Feline; Retroviruses; Ophthalmology.Abstract
Lymphoma represents about 80% of hematopoietic tumors in felines, being diagnosed through cytopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Classification follows anatomical location (gastrointestinal, mediastinal, nodal and extranodal) and grade (low, intermediate and high). We aimed to report a rare case of lymphoma in a domestic feline, male, 8 years old, not vaccinated, not neutered, semi-domiciled and from a socially vulnerable community. Upon clinical examination, the feline showed thin body condition, apathy, dehydration, pale mucosa, reactive submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, bilateral ocular secretion, exophthalmia, facial lesion and edema, third eyelid prolapse, diffuse skin nodules and evidence of pain. Laboratory tests confirmed that the feline was positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and calicivirus, fungi and bacteria were identified in the eye sample, the blood count showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and lymphopenia. The patient died after the initial approach, without establishing a therapeutic protocol to treat the neoplasm. The histopathological diagnosis after tumor examination was follicular lymphoma in the third eyelid, with the presence of neoplastic lymphocytic cells with moderate pleomorphism and sparse cytoplasm distributed in loose connective tissue. Follicular lymphoma in the third eyelid of felines is rare, however, it is likely that semi-domiciled animals without vaccine immunization are more likely to develop this type of neoplasm due to viral oncogenic action associated with co-infection with FIV and FeLV.
References
Alves, B. G. (2018). Linfoma conjuntival linfocítico de imunofenótipo T em um felino – relato de caso. UFPB – Trabalho de conclusão de curso.
Büttner, J. N., Schneider, M., Csokai, J., Müller, E. & Eule, J. C. (2019) Microbiota of the conjunctival sac of 120 healthy cats. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 22(3), 328–336.
Daleck, R. C., Calazans G. S. & Nardi, A. B. (2008) Linfomas. In: C. R. Daleck, A. D. Nardi. & S. Rodaski (Ed.), Oncologia em cães e gatos (pp. 481–502). São Paulo, Roca.
Dees, D. D., Schobert, C. S., Dubielzig, R. R. & Stein, T. J. (2015). Third eyelid gland neoplasms of dogs and cats: a retrospective histopathologic study of 145 cases. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 19(2), 138–143.
Foley, J., Hurley, K., Pesavento, P. A., Poland, A. & Pedersen, N. C. (2006) Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection: local cytokine modulation and contribution of viral mutants. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 8(1), 55–61.
Gonçalves, H. J., Ferraz, C. M., Hiura, E., Herzog, L. G., Pucheta, A. N., Ferreira, L. C., Vilela, V. L. R. & Braga, F. R. (2021) Prevalence of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and main hematological changes in domestic cats in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. Research, Society and Development, 10(6), 1-8.
Hartmann, K. (2006) Feline leukemia virus infection. In: C. E. Greene (Ed.), Infectious diseases of the dog and cat (3a ed., pp. 105–131). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Hartmann, K. (2011) Clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 143(3-4), 190–201.
Hartmann, K. (2012) Clinical aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review. Viruses, 4(11), 2684–2710. 10.3390/v4112684.
Henrich, M., Bauknecht, A., Hecht & W. Manfred Reinacher. (2019) Lack of Bcl-2 expression in feline follicular lymphomas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 31(6), 809–817.
Holt, E., Goldschmidt, M.H. & Skorupski, K. (2006) Extranodal conjunctival Hodgkin's‐like lymphoma in a cat. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 9(3): 141–144.
Hong, I.-H., Bae, S.-H., Lee, S.-G., Park, J.-K., Ji, A.-R., Ki, M.-R. & Jeong, K.-S. (2011). Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a dog. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 14(1), 61–65.
Hou, J., Sánchez-Vizcaíno, F., Mcgahie, D., Lesbros, C., Almeras, T., Howarth, D. & Radford, A. D. (2016) European molecular epidemiology and strain diversity of feline calicivirus. The Veterinary Record, 178(5), 114.
Jain, N. C. (1993) Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea & Febiger.
Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. & Bruss, M. L. (1997) Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (5th ed.). Academic Press.
Levy, J., Crawford, C., Hartmann, K., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Little, S., Sundahl, E. & Thayer, V. (2008) American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Retrovirus Management Guidelines. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 3, 300-316.
Linenberger, M. L. & Shelton, G. H. (1995) Hematologic abnormalities associated with retroviral infections in the cat. Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, 10(4), 220-233.
Little, S., Levy, J., Hartmann, K., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Hosie, M., Olah, G. & Denis, K. S. (2020) AAFP Feline Retrovirus Testing and Management Guidelines. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 22(1), 5–30.
Lutz, H., Addie, D., Belak, S., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Egberink, H., Frymus, T., Gruffydd-Jones, T., Hartmann, K., Hosie, M. J., Lloret, A., Marsilio, F., Pennisi, M.G., Radford, A.D., Thiry, E., Truyen, U. & Horzinek, M.C. (2009) Feline Leukaemia: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11, 565–574.
Matesco, V. C., da Costa, F. V. A., Rolim, V. M. & Sonne, L. (2013) Acute and fatal presentation of feline leukemia virus infection and FeLV-associated diseases in a cat: case report. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 7(1), 223–225.
Mello, L. S., Leite-Filho, R. V., Panziera, W., Bandinelli, M. B., Sonne, L., Driemeier, D. & Pavarini, S. P. (2019) Feline lymphoma in the nervous system: pathological, immunohistochemical, and etiological aspects in 16 cats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 39, 393–401.
Mota, L. P., Kirchensch, C. L., Neto, A. L. C., Silva, J. C. S., Poty, J. A. C., Pompeu, J. G. F., Aleluia, R. G. G., da Silva, M. S., Fé, R. C. M., da Silva, L. E. B., Neto, E. A. C., Mesquita, N. P., abelo, M. N., Vasconcelos, A. C. A. B., Esperandio, J. V. M., Sousa, M. R. L., Pereira, S. A. (2021) Associação da síndrome da imunodeficiência humana com o linfoma de não Hodgkin. Research, Society and Development, 10(5), 1-10.
Pereira, P. R., Tagliari, N. J., Leite-Filho, R. V., Schaefer, G. D. C., Costa, F. V. A. D. & Pavarini, S. P. (2017) Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat. Ciência Rural, 47(5), 1-5.
Pereira A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J. & Sitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM.
Radford, A. D., Addie, D., Belák, S., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Egberink, H., Frymus, T. & Lutz, H. (2009) Feline calicivirus infection: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(7), 556–564.
Samuelson, D. A., Andresen, T. L. & Gwin, R. M. (1984) Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 184(10), 1240–1242.
Sila, G. H. & Davidson, H. J. (2011) Eyelid diseases and surgery. In: G. Norsworthy, M. A. Crystal, S. F. G., Magric & L. P. Tilley (Ed.), The Feline Patient (4th ed., pp. 171–174). New Jersey: Willey Blackwell.
Souza, J. O. T., Ângelo, F. F. & Homem, L. A. S. (2010) Microbiota bacteriana conjuntival de felinos domésticos (Felis S. catus, Linnaeus, 1758) sadios da cidade de Juiz de Fora–MG. Revista Científica Eletrônica de Medicina Veterinária, 8(15), 1-14.
Sykes, J. E. & Hartmann, K. (2014) Feline leukemia virus infection. In J. E. Sykes (Ed), Canine and feline infectious diseases (p. 224). Saunders.
Sykes, J. E. (2014) Feline immunodeficiency virus infection. In J. E. Sykes (Ed), Canine and feline infectious diseases (p. 209). Saunders.
Taylor, S. S., Goodfellow, M. R., Browne, W. J., Walding, B., Murphy, S., Tzannes, S. & Dobson, J. M. (2009). Feline extranodal lymphoma: response to chemotherapy and survival in 110 cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 50(11), 584–592.
Teixeira, B. M., Taniwaki, S. A., Menezes, P. M. M., Rodrigues, A. K. P. P., Mouta, A. N., Arcebispo, T. L. M. & Silva, M. X. (2019) Feline immunodeficiency virus in Northern Ceará, Brazil. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 5(2), 1–7.
Vail, D. M. (2007). Feline lymphoma and leukemia. In D. M. Vail S. J. Withrow (Eds), Withrow and Macewen’s small animal clinical oncology. (4th ed., pp. 31-50). Missouri: Saunders Elsevier.
Vail, D. M. (2013) Feline lymphoma and leukemia. In: S. J. Withrow, D. M. Vail & R. L. Page, Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology (5th ed., pp. 638–648). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Valli, V. E., Bienzle, D., Meuten, D. J. & Linder, K. E. (2017) Tumors of the hemolymphatic system. Tumors in domestic animals, 5, 203–321.
Zanutto, M. S., Froes, T. R., Teixeira, A. L. & Hagiwara, M. K. (2011) Características clínicas da fase aguda da infecção experimental de felinos pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 31(3): 255–260.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Luciana Aquini Fernandes Gil; Helena Piúma Gonçalves; Katiellen Ribeiro das Neves; Stefanie Bressan Waller; Nielle Versteg; Tábata Pereira Dias; Gabriela Sanzo; Ana Raquel Mano Meinerz; Fabiane Borelli Grecco; Marlete Brum Cleff
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
