Evaluation of low-cost, easy-to-prepare protein diets using beer yeast, sugar cane yeast and texturized soy protein for Africanized Apis mellifera in apiaries in Santa Catarina, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26836Keywords:
Honey bees; Food; Breeding areas; Food area; Varroa destructor.Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate different diets for Apis mellifera in three regions of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The bees received the diets weekly, for 60 days. The treatments used and the corresponding crude protein contents were: D1 – sugar syrup; D2 – commercial feed (24.4%); D3 – sugarcane yeast + commercial sugar (17.0%); D4 – beer yeast + commercial sugar (14.9%); D5 – sugarcane yeast + textured soy protein + commercial sugar (20.9%). The parameters evaluated were: measurement of the breeding areas (drone, open, closed and total), measurement of the food deposit areas (honey and pollen) and percentage of infestation by Varroa destructor. At the end of study, a physical-chemical analysis of the honey was carried out. Significant differences were observed when comparing protein rations with the negative control group in the variables of areas of open brood, total brood (Sierra region) and infestation by Varroa destructor (Santa Catarina western and Sierra region). No changes were detected in the honeys in relation to the current regulations, demonstrating that the supply of the diets, under the conditions of the study, is safe for maintaining the standards of identity and quality of the final product.
References
Al-Tikrity, W. S., Hillmann, R. C., Benton, A.W., & Charke-Júnior, W.W. (1971). A new instrument for brood measurement in a honeybee colony. American Bee Journal, 111, 20-26.
AOAC. (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th. ed. Arlington: A.O.A.C.
Araujo, D. F. D., Moreti, A. C. C. C., Silveira, T. A. da, Marchini, L. C., & Otsuk, I. P. (2013). Pollen content in honey of Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in an Atlântica forest fragment in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo state, Brazil. Sociobiology, 60(4). https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v60i4.436-440
Barroso-Arévalo, S., Fernández-Carrión, E., Goyache, J., Molero, F., Puerta, F., & Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. M. (2019). High load of deformed wing virus and Varroa destructor infestation are related to weakness of honey bee colonies in southern Spain. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01331
Brazil. (2000). Ministério da Agricultura e Abastecimento. Instrução Normativa nº 11, de 20 de outubro de 2000. Brasília. 5 p. http://www.cidasc.sc.gov.br/inspecao/files/2012/08/IN-11-de-2000.pdf
Brodschneider, R., & Crailsheim, K. (2010). Nutrition and health in honey bees. Apidologie, 41(3), 278–294. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010012
Castagnino, G. L., Arboitte, M. Z., Lengler, S., Garcia, G. G., & Menezes, L. F. G. de. (2006). Desenvolvimento de núcleos de Apis mellifera alimentados com suplemento aminoácido vitamínico, Promotor L®. Ciencia Rural, 36(2), 685–688. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782006000200054
Couto, L. A. (1998). Nutrição de abelhas. In Congresso Brasileiro de Apicultura, 12, [s.l] Anais... CD-ROM.
Crane, E. (1975). La apicultura en el mundo – pasado y presente. In: La Colmena y la Abeja Melifera. Montevideo: Hemisferio sur, 25-46.
Cremonz, T. M., De Jong, D., & Bitondi, M. M. G. (1998). Quantification of hemolymph proteins as a fast method for testing protein diets for honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 91(6), 1284–1289. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.6.1284
De SOUZA, D. A., Huang, M. H., & Tarpy, D. R. (2019). Experimental improvement of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen quality through nutritional and hormonal supplementation. Apidologie, 50(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-018-0614-y
Dolezal, A. G., & Toth, A. L. (2018). Feedbacks between nutrition and disease in honey bee health. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 26, 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.006
EPAGRI/CEPA. (2009). Síntese anual da apicultura de Santa Catarina 2008-2009. Florianópolis, SC. https://docweb.epagri.sc.gov.br/website_cepa/publicacoes/sintese_2009.pdf
EPAGRI/CIRAM. (2009). Zoneamento agroecológico e socioeconômico do Estado de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC. 1010 p. https://ciram.epagri.sc.gov.br/index.php/solucoes/zoneamento/
Farjan, M., Dmitryjuk, M., Lipiński, Z., Biernat-Łopieńska, E., & Żółtowska, K. (2012). Supplementation of the honey bee diet with vitamin C: The effect on the antioxidative system of Apis mellifera carnicabrood at different stages. Journal of Apicultural Research, 51(3), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.51.3.07
Farjan, M., Łopieńska-Biernat, E., Lipiński, Z., Dmitryjuk, M., & Żółtowska, K. (2014). Supplementing with vitamin C the diet of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) parasitized with Varroa destructor: effects on antioxidative status. Parasitology, 141(6), 770–776. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182013002126
Freitas, P. V. D. X. de, Ribeiro, F. M., Almeida, E. M. de, Zanata, R. A., Alves, J. J. L., Oliveira, V. F., & Faquinello, P. (2017). Declínio populacional das abelhas polinizadoras: Revisão. PubVet, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.v11n1.1-10
Girou, N. G. (2003). Fundamentos de la producción apícola moderna. Bahía Blanca: Editorial Encestando S.R.L.
Harris, J. W., Harbo, J. R., Villa, J. D., & Danka, R. G. (2003). Variable population growth of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) during a 10-year period. Environmental Entomology, 32(6), 1305–1312. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-32.6.1305
Herbert, E. W., Jr, Shimanuki, H., & Caron, D. (1977). Optimum protein levels required by honey bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) to initiate and maintain brood rearing. Apidologie, 8(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19770204
Ide, B. Y, Althoff, D. A., Thomé, V. M. R., & Vizzotto, V. J. (1980). Zoneamento Agroclimático do Estado de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis: EMPASC. 106 p.
Khurshid, R., Paray, M. A., Bano, P., Ganie, S. A., Yousuf, S., & Ahmad, W. (2019). Effect of winter feeding and packing on Apis mellifera in Kashmir Himalaya. The Indian Journal of Entomology, 81(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00086.5
Lamontagne-Drolet, M., Samson-Robert, O., Giovenazzo, P., & Fournier, V. (2019). The impacts of two protein supplements on commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research, 58(5), 800–813. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1644938
Lengler, S. (2000). Alimentação artificial de abelhas. In Congresso Brasileiro de Apicultura, 13, Florianópolis, SC. Anais... CD-ROM.
Lima, M. V., Silva, V. T. S.; Soares, K. O.; Evangelista-Rodrigues, A. (2015). Características reprodutivas das colônias de abelhas Apis mellifera submetidas à alimentação artificial. Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido, 11(4), 97-104. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30969/acsa.v11i4.731
Lima, M. V., Soares, K. O., & Evangelista-Rodrigues, A. (2017). Complexo enzimático na alimentação artificial de abelhas africanizadas. Archivos de Zootecnia, 66(255), 413. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v66i255.2518
Manning, R. (2018). Artificial feeding of honeybees based on an understanding of nutritional principles. Animal Production Science, 58(4), 689. https://doi.org/10.1071/an15814
México. (2007). Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Manual de Patología Apícola. Coordinación General de Ganadería. http://www.bio-nica.info/biblioteca/AnonimoManualPatologiaApicola.pdf
Nazzi, F., & Le Conte, Y. (2016). Ecology of Varroa destructor, the major ectoparasite of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Annual Review of Entomology, 61(1), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023731
Pereira, F. de M., Freitas, B. M., Vieira Neto, J. M., Lopes, M. T. do R., Barbosa, A. de L., & Camargo, R. C. R. de. (2006). Desenvolvimento de colônias de abelhas com diferentes alimentos protéicos. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 41(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000100001
Pinto, M. R., Machado Medeiros de Albuquerque, P., Veleirinho, B., Sequeira Gonçalves, V., Farias Campos, V., Casquero Cunha, R., Pereira Leivas Leite, F., & Maraschin, M. (2018). Use of protein diets as a supplement for africanized bees Apis melífera. Science and Animal Health, 6, 86-99.
Pires, C. S. S., Pereira, F. de M., Lopes, M. T. do R., Nocelli, R. C. F., Malaspina, O., Pettis, J. S., & Teixeira, É. W. (2016). Enfraquecimento e perda de colônias de abelhas no Brasil: há casos de CCD? Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 51(5), 422–442. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000500003
Porrini, M. P., Sarlo, E. G., Medici, S. K., Garrido, P. M., Porrini, D. P., Damiani, N., & Eguaras, M. J. (2011). Nosema ceranae development in Apis mellifera: influence of diet and infective inoculum. Journal of Apicultural Research, 50(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.50.1.04
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2006). Análises de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos. 3 ed. Viçosa: UFV. 235 p.
Somerville, D. (2005) Fat Bees skinny bees: a manual on honey bee nutrition for beekeepers. Australian Government. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. 150 p.
Wang, H., Zhang, S.-W., Zeng, Z.-J., & Yan, W.-Y. (2014). Nutrition affects longevity and gene expression in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers. Apidologie, 45(5), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-014-0276-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mara Rúbia Romeu Pinto Müller; Aline Nunes; Marcelo Maraschin; Denise Nunes Araújo; Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
