Pharmacological treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients co-infected with HIV and its incidence in Federal District – Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27365Keywords:
Brazil; Co-infection; Drug resistance; Federal District; Epidemiology; HIV; Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at greater risk of infection and development of tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In Brazil, the high mortality rate is identified precisely on the occasion of coinfection and it can actively lead to severe complications. This study aimed to analyze the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients co-infected with HIV and the incidence of this condition in the Federal District, Brazil. We reviewed the literature via the databases PubMed, Embase, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde between September and October of 2021, and selected 15 studies fitting the eligibility criteria. The unified health system provides the first-line treatment and recommends using the Directly Observed Treatment. However, when there is resistance or significant intolerance to first-line drugs, second-line drugs are needed. Drug repositioning may be a promising strategy to improve tuberculosis treatment through new therapeutic options and to overcome these problems. The risk of interactions and their complications in PLHIV in antiretroviral therapy and second-line treatment of tuberculosis is even more concerning, which can result in reduced efficacy or increased toxicity of both treatments. Nevertheless, children show better outcomes among patients in TB/HIV co-infection studies, even after second-line treatment fails. These results demonstrate the complexity and seriousness of co-infection epidemiology, treatment, follow-up, and margin of success. Aggravated by factors such as increasing resistance to M. tuberculosis in Brazil and the world, the challenge of monitoring patients' treatment and keeping their adhesion, and the high rate of adverse effects caused by drugs.
References
Alves, A. C. de S., & Souto, R. C. F. (2021). Casos de coinfecção por tuberculose e HIV no estado de Goiás, no período de 2008 a 2019. REVISTA Brasileira Militar de Ciências, 7(17), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.36414/rbmc.v7i17.82
Campos, H. S. (2006). Etiopatogenia da tuberculose e formas clínicas TT - Tuberculosis: etiopathogenesis and clinical presentations. Pulmão RJ, 15(1), 29–35. http://www.sopterj.com.br/profissionais/_revista/2006/n_01/01.pdf
Carvalho, A. C. C., Cardoso, C. A. A., Martire, T. M., Migliori, G. B., & Sant’Anna, C. C. (2018). Epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, and prevention of pediatric tuberculosis from the perspective of the End TB Strategy. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 44(2), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562017000000461
Castro, K. G., Ward, J. W., Slutsker, L., Buehler, J. W., Jaffe, H. W., Berkelman, R. L., & Curran, J. W. (1993). 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 17(4), 802–810. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/17.4.802
Daftary, A., Padayatchi, N., & O’Donnell, M. (2014). Preferential adherence to antiretroviral therapy over tuberculosis treatment: A qualitative study of drug-resistant TB/HIV co-infected patients in South Africa. Global Public Health, 9(9), 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.934266
Danwang, C., Noubiap, J. J., Robert, A., & Yombi, J. C. (2022). Outcomes of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Research and Therapy, 19(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-021-00427-y
de Kock, L., Sy, S. K. B., Rosenkranz, B., Diacon, A. H., Prescott, K., Hernandez, K. R., Yu, M., Derendorf, H., & Donald, P. R. (2014). Pharmacokinetics of para-aminosalicylic acid in HIV-uninfected and HIV-coinfected tuberculosis patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, managed for multidrug-resistant and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(10), 6242–6250. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03073-14
Dooley, K. E., Rosenkranz, S. L., Conradie, F., Moran, L., Hafner, R., von Groote-Bidlingmaier, F., Lama, J. R., Shenje, J., de Los Rios, J., Comins, K., Morganroth, J., Diacon, A. H., Cramer, Y. S., Donahue, K., Maartens, G., Alli, O., Gottesman, J., Guevara, M., Hikuam, C., … Wimbish, C. (2021). QT effects of bedaquiline, delamanid, or both in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a phase 2, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(7), 975–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30770-2
Egger, M., May, M., Chêne, G., Phillips, A. N., Ledergerber, B., Dabis, F., Costagliola, D., Monforte, A. D., de Wolf, F., Reiss, P., Lundgren, J. D., Justice, A. C., Staszewski, S., Leport, C., Hogg, R. S., Sabin, C. A., Gill, M. J., Salzberger, B., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2002). Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. The Lancet, 360(9327), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09411-4
Hooper, D. C. (2021). Fluoroquinolones. Official Reprint from UpToDate ®; UpToDate, Inc. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fluoroquinolones?search=fluoroquinolonas&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_ra
nk=1#H2707133439
Lexicomp. (2021). Clofazimine (United States: Available via National Hansen’s Disease Program and FDA investigational drug [IND] protocol only): Drug information Copyright. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clofazimine-united-states-available-via-national-hansens-disease-program-and-fda-investigational-drug-ind-protocol-only-drug-information?search=clofazimine&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~45&usage_type=panel&kp
Magno, E. da S., Saraceni, V., Souza, A. B. de, Magno, R. da S., Saraiva, M. das G. G., & Bührer-Sékula, S. (2017). Fatores associados à coinfecção tuberculose e HIV: o que apontam os dados de notificação do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, 2001-2012. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 33(5), e00019315. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00019315
Ministério da Saúde. (2017). Brasil Livre da Tuberculose: Plano Nacional pelo Fim da Tuberculose como Problema de Saúde Pública. In Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/brasil_livre_tuberculose_plano_nacional.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2021a). Recomendações para controle da tuberculose: guia rápido para profissionais de saúde (Ministério da Saúde, Ed.; 2. ed.). https://ameci.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Guia-Rapido-WEB.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2021b). Tuberculose 2021. Boletim Epidemiológico, 3(1), 44. https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/media/pdf/2021/marco/24/boletim-tuberculose-2021_24.03
Ministério da Saúde, Saúde, S. de V. Departamento de Vigilância, & Prevenção e Controle das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, do H. e das H. V. (2018). Protocolo Clínico E Diretrizes Terapêuticas Para Manejo Da Infecção Pelo HIV Em Adultos. In Ministério da Saúde (1a edição). Ministério da Saúde.
Ministério da Saúde, S.-E. (2013). Recomendações para o manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV em serviços de atenção especializada a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, Ed.; 1a edição). https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/recomendacoes_manejo_coinfeccao_tb_hiv.pdf
Ndjeka, N., Schnippel, K., Master, I., Meintjes, G., Maartens, G., Romero, R., Padanilam, X., Enwerem, M., Chotoo, S., Singh, N., Hughes, J., Variava, E., Ferreira, H., te Riele, J., Ismail, N., Mohr, E., Bantubani, N., & Conradie, F. (2018). High treatment success rate for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis using a bedaquiline-containing treatment regimen. European Respiratory Journal, 52(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01528-2018
Padayatchi, N., Gopal, M., Naidoo, R., Werner, L., Naidoo, K., Master, I., & O’Donnell, M. R. (2014). Clofazimine in the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection in South Africa: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 69(11), 3103–3107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku235
Perini, F. B. (2017). Capacitação no Processo de Ressuprimento e Distribuição de Medicamentos Antirretrovirais-2017 - Interações medicamentosas e coinfecções em PVHIV (M. da S. S. de V. em S. D. de I. e H. Virais, Ed.). 11 congresso de HIV/AIDS 4 Congresso de hepatites virais. http://azt.aids.gov.br/documentos/reunioes/reuniao_curitiba/Interações medicamentosas e coinfecções em PVHIV (25.9.17).pdf
Pimpin, L., Drumright, L. N., Kruijshaar, M. E., Abubakar, I., Rice, B., Delpech, V., Hollo, V., Amato-Gauci, A., Manissero, D., & Kodmon, C. (2011). Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in European Union and European Economic Area countries. European Respiratory Journal, 38(6), 1382–1392. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00198410
Ribeiro, K. C. S., Lima, K. M. SR., & Loureiro, A. D. (2009). Coinfecção HIV/Tuberculose (Mal de Pott) – um Estudo de Caso. DST - Jornal Brasileiro de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissiveis, 21(2), 83–86. http://www.dst.uff.br/revista21-2-2009/7 - Coinfeccao HIV-tuberculose.pdf
Rose, P. C., Hallbauer, U. M., Seddon, J. A., Hesseling, A. C., & Schaaf, H. S. (2012). Linezolid-containing regimens for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South African children. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(12), 1588–1593. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0322
Schluger, N. W. (2021). Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of drug-resistant tuberculosis. UpToDate.
Schluger, N. W., Heysell, S. K., & Friedland, G. (2021). Treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. UpToDate, 1–39.
Schnippel, K., Berhanu, R. H., Black, A., Firnhaber, C., Maitisa, N., Evans, D., & Sinanovic, E. (2016). Severe adverse events during second-line tuberculosis treatment in the context of high HIV Co-infection in South Africa: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1933-0
Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal. (2021). Informativo Epidemiológico - Ano 08 no 2, fevereiro de 2021. no 2(Ano 08), 1–7. https://www.saude.df.gov.br/wp-conteudo/uploads/2018/02/Informe-epidemiologico-TB_20-marco.pdf
Seung, K. J., Omatayo, D. B., Keshavjee, S., Furin, J. J., Farmer, P. E., & Satti, H. (2009). Early outcomes of MDR-TB treatment in a high HIV-prevalence setting in southern Africa. PLoS ONE, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007186
Thomas, T. A., Shenoi, S. v., Heysell, S. K., Eksteen, F. J., Sunkari, V. B., Gandhi, N. R., Friedland, G., & Shah, N. S. (2010). Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14(10), 1244–1251.
van der Laan, L. E., Garcia-Prats, A. J., Schaaf, H. S., Tikiso, T., Wiesner, L., de Kock, M., Winckler, J., Norman, J., McIlleron, H., Denti, P., & Hesseling, A. C. (2018). Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Administered with First- and Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in HIV-Infected Children Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00420-17
Wang, X., Mallikaarjun, S., & Gibiansky, E. (2020). Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Delamanid in Patients with Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 65(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01202-20
World Health Organization. (2016). Global tuberculosis report 2016. In World Health Organization. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24659544
Yuengling, K. A., Padayatchi, N., Wolf, A., Mathema, B., Brown, T., Horsburgh, C. R., & O’Donnell, M. R. (2018). Effect of antiretroviral therapy on treatment outcomes in a prospective study of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) HIV coinfection treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 79(4), 474–480. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001833
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Natália Rocha Almeida; Caio Azevedo Lima; Natália Lopes de Freitas; Fabiana Brandão
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
