Adverse effects in the indiscriminate use of medicines in the COVID-19 pandemic: a look at chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31899

Keywords:

Pandemic; COVID-19; Adverse effects; Chloroquine; Hydroxychloroquine; Azithromycin.

Abstract

Objective: The present study sought to analyze the existing scientific evidence to date on the adverse effects of the indiscriminate use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Method: This is an integrative literature review with LILACS, PUBMED/MEDELINE and SCIELO databases, between 2019 and 2022. 75 articles were identified, of which 10 were used in the preparation of the work. the drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19 is low, due to the rapid spread and installation of the pandemic worldwide. It is necessary to carry out pragmatic clinical trials with a greater number of patients to analyze the effectiveness of fighting the coronavirus and the safety of using these drugs.

References

Alves, L. (2021). Brazilian ICUs short of drugs and beds amid COVID-19 surge. Lancet (London, England), 397(10283), 1431–1432. Assessoria de Comunicação Anvisa. Covid-19: liberada pesquisa com hidroxicloroquina [Internet]. Brasília: Anvisa.

Borba, M.G.S., Val, F.F.A., Sampaio, V.S., Alexandre, M.A.A., Melo, G.C., Brito, M. et al. (2020). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. (3),208857.

Barbosa, J., Kaitis, D., Freedman, R, Le, K., Lin, X (2020). Clinical Outcomes of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A QuasiRandomized Comparative Study. N Engl J Med https://covid19.afpikerala.in/doc/NEJM_ Clinical%20Outcomes%20of%20Hydroxychlorquine%20in%20Patients%20Clinical%20with%20COVID19.pdf

Chauhan, V., & Thakur, S. (2021). State of the Globe: The Frenzy of Self-Medication, Cocktail Regimens and Everchanging Guidelines on SARS-CoV-2. Journal of global infectious diseases, 13(2), 65–66.

Chen, Y., Li. L. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response. Lancet, 3099(20): 30235-8. dói: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30235-8

De-Freitas-Silva., Alícia-De-Jesus., Jefferson-Silva-Pinho., Rodrigues,Juliana-Lima-Gomes.(2021). automedicação na pandemia do novo coronavírus. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação.7(4), 938-943.

Da-Silva., Davi -Porfirio., Dos-Santos., Igor- Michel- Ramos., Dos-Santos-Melo., Viviane. (2020). Aspectos da infecção ocasionada pelo Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARSCoV-2) /Aspects of Coronavirus infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARSCoV-2). Brazilian Journal of Health Review. 3(2), 3763-3779.

Galvão., Izabelli. & Cristiane-da-Silva. (2021). Resistência bacteriana: uma investigação genômica baseada em mecanismos de resistência contra a azitromicina (2019-2021). Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.

Imoto, A. M., Gottems, L. B. D., Castelo Branco, H. P., Santana, L. A., Monteiro, O. L. R., Fernandes, S. E. S., & Amorim, F. F. (2020). Cloroquina e Hidroxicloroquina no tratamento da COVID-19: Sumário de Evidências. Comunicação em Ciências da Saúde.

Kalil, A. C. (2020). Treating COVID-19 Off-Label Drug Use, Compassionate Use, and Randomized Clinical Trials During Pandemics. jama. 323(19),1897-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4742.

Liu, J., Cao, R., Xu, M., Zhang, H., Hu, H., Li, Y, et al. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARSCoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0.

Limaye, R.J., Sauer, M., Ali, J, Bernstein, J., Wahl, B, Barnhill, A., et al. (2020). Building trust while influencing online COVID-19 content in the social media world. Lancet Digit Health.2(6):e277-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589.7500(20)30084.4.

Malik, M., Tahir, M. J., Jabbar, R., Ahmed, A., & Hussain, R. (2020). Self-medication during Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities. Drugs & therapy perspectives: for rational drug selection and use, 1(3).

Mercuro, N. J. et al. (2019). Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). jama Cardiology. 1(6), 5.

Ministério-da-Saúde (BR). (2020). Nota Informativa No 5/2020-DAF/SCTIE/MS [Internet]. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Processo no 25000.042783/202081.

Mahase, E. (2020). Covid-19: six million doses of hydroxychloroquine donated to US despite lack of evidence. BMJ. 368. 10.1136/bmj.m1166.

Marcolino, M. S., Ziegelmann, P. K., Souza-Silva, M. V., Nascimento, I. J. B., Oliveira, L. M., Monteiro, L. S., & dos Santos, V. B. (2021). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil: Results from the Brazilian COVID-19 registry. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 107, 300-310.

National-Institutes, of Health COVID-19. (2019). Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines.https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/.

Segata & Jean. (2020). Covid-19: escalas da pandemia e escalas da antropologia. boletim cientistas sociais e o coronavírus.

Senhoras & Eloi-Martins. (2020). Coronavírus e o papel das pandemias na história humana. Boletim De Conjuntura (BOCA). 1(1), 31-34.

Silva., Jéssica-Pacheco., Batista & Larissa-de-Oliveira (2020). Impactos da automedicação em tempos de pandemia COVID-19.

Souza, A. S. R., Amorim, M. M. R., Melo, A. S. O., Delgado, A. M., Florêncio, A. C. M. C. C., Oliveira, T. V., Lira, L. C. S., Sales, L. M. S., Souza, G. A., Melo, B. C. P., Morais, I., & Katz, L. (2021). Aspectos gerais da pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 21(1), 29-45.

Secoli & Silvia- Regina et al. Tendência da prática de automedicação entre idosos brasileiros.

U.S. Food-and-Drug-Administration. (FDA). (2019). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID - 19). Available from: https://www.fda. gov/news-events/pressannouncements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-daily-roundup-march-30-2020.

Xu, X., Chen, P., Wang, J., Feng,.J., Zhou, H., Li, X., et al.(2020). Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modelling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China 63(3):457460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5.

Xavier & Myllena-Alves et al. (2020) A efetividade da Ivermectina® na atenuação de vírus de RNA: uma alternativa para enfrentar o SARS-CoV-2. Brazilian Journal Of Development. 6(7), 47400-47411.

WHO. (2020). Recommends against the use of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/newshttps://www.who.int/news-room/featurestories/detail/who-recommends-against-the-use-of-remdesivir-in-covid-19-patientsroom/featurestories/detail/who-recommends-against-the-use-of-remdesivir-in-covid-19-patients.

Waldrop, T., Alsup, D., McLaughlin, E.C. (2020). Fearing coronavirus, Arizona man dies after taking a form of chloroquine used to treat aquariums. CNN, Phoenix. CNN Health. <https://edition.cnn. com/2020/03/23/health/arizona-coronavirus-chloroquine-death/index.html>.

Wang, D., Hu,B., Hu. C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J. et al. (2020) Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 323(11),1061-9.

Downloads

Published

12/07/2022

How to Cite

COSTA, J. E. B. da .; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, O. M. .; ALMEIDA , P. H. F. de .; MAGALHÃES, M. N. de O. .; BOTERO , B. F. .; SILVA, Y. T. P. da .; SANTOS, P. B. B. dos .; LIMA, M. A. de . Adverse effects in the indiscriminate use of medicines in the COVID-19 pandemic: a look at chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 9, p. e36611931899, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31899. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/31899. Acesso em: 16 apr. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 9

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Jesus Eden Bezerra da Costa; Omero Martins Rodrigues Junior; Pablo Henrique Freitas de Almeida ; Méllory Nétaly de Oliveira Magalhães; Beatriz Fonseca Botero ; Ytalo Thiago Praciano da Silva; Pâmela Bianca Barbosa dos Santos; Maria Alves de Lima

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.