Experiences of black women getting sick from breast cancer: The immanence of suffering and care

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32674

Keywords:

Racism; Breast neoplasms; Patient-Centered Care.

Abstract

Aim: to know the suffering when falling ill during the care of black women living with breast cancer attended at a reference center in the state of Bahia. Methodology: Qualitative research conducted in a reference service with the participation of 12 women who were interviewed chosen by data saturation and had content analysis as a technique of data interpretation. Results: Structural racism is a condition that contributes intensely to the suffering during the illness of black women with breast cancer, since their life histories are marked by prejudice and discrimination, which exacerbate with this disease when associated with elements of whiteness, social inequalities and existing barriers to access. Care should have strengthened in its action with tools such as listening, dialogue, welcoming and the production of bonds, with strategies to recognize the intersubjective relationships existing in the worker-user relationship. However, economic vulnerability appears as an element that contributes unsatisfactory to the failure of care of these women, in which it widens the gap between black and white that it sometimes uses from the private sector to solve their health problems. Conclusion: black women have a life of suffering due to the epidemic tone due to the intersectionality of patriarchy, structural racism and social inequality, when diagnosed with breast cancer and in the face of immanent stigmas, suffering widens by the consequences of the disease, and are maximized by the difficulties faced in trying to solve their needs.

Author Biographies

Evelin Duarte Serpa, State of Bahia University

Medical Student, Department of Life Sciences 

Débora Lopes dos Santos, State of Bahia University

Medical Student, Department of Life Sciences 

Kamila Freitas Trindade, State of Bahia University

Medical Student, Department of Life Sciences 

Talita Miranda Pitanga Barbosa Cardoso, State of Bahia University

Pharmacist, Sanitarist, Master in Collective Health from the Department of Life Sciences 

Ana Beatriz Ferreira Barros da Silva, State of Bahia University

Nurse, Sanitarist, Master in Collective Health from the Department of Life Sciences 

Roberto Rodrigues Bandeira Tosta Maciel, State of Bahia University

Physiotherapist, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Life Sciences

Jairrose Nascimento Souza, State of Bahia University

Physiotherapist, sanitarian, collaborating researcher at the Micropolitics Research Group, Care and Work in Health

Magno Conceição das Merces, State of Bahia University

Nurse, Doctor, Master in Collective Health, Assistant Professor Departament of Life Sciences

Milene Pereira de Souza Santos, State of Bahia University

Nurse, Master in Collective Health by the Department of Life Sciences, Assistant Professor at UniDomBosco

Marcio Costa de Souza, State of Bahia University

Fisioterapeuta, Doutor em medicina e Saúde Humana, Professor Assistente do Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Universidade do Estado da Bahia

References

Binotto, M., & Schwartsmann, G. (2020). Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde de Pacientes com Câncer de Mama: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia, 66(1), e-06405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2020v66n1.405.

Bosire, E. N., Mendenhall, E., & Weaver, L. J. (2020). Comorbid Suffering: Breast Cancer Survivors in South Africa. Qualitative Health Research, 30(6), 917–926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320911365.

Carvalho, J. B., & Paes, N. A. (2019). Socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer mortality in microregions of the Brazilian Northeast. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 19(2), 391-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000200008.

DiAngelo, R. (2018). Fragilidade branca. Revista ECO-Pós, 21(3), 35–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29146/eco-pos.v21i3.22528.

Eldridge, L., & Berrigan, D. (2022). Structural racism and triple-negative Breast Cancer among black and white women in the United States. Health Equity, 6(1), 116-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.0041

Faustino D. (2020). Notas sobre a sociogenia, o racismo e o sofrimento psicossocial no pensamento de Frantz Fanon. Revista Eletrônica Interações Sociais, 4(2), 10-21.

Fonseca, D. S., Santos, C. S., Barreto, I. C. F., Gonçalves L. G. L., & Morais L. C. et al. (2020). Câncer de Mama: uma questão social desigual. Braz. J. Hea. Rev, 3(6), 19933-19943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n6-364.

Fontanella, B. J. B., Ricas, J., & Turato, E. R. (2008). Amostragem por saturação em pesquisas qualitativas em saúde: contribuições teóricas. Cad Saúde Pública, 24(1), 17-27, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000100003.

Franco, T. B., & Hubner, L. C. M. (2019). Clínica, cuidado e subjetividade: afinal, de que cuidado estamos falando? Saúde Em Debate, 43(spe6), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019s608.

Lopes, A. P., Camargo, C. A. C. M., & Maia, M. A. C. (2020). Sofrimento psíquico vivenciado por mulheres diante do diagnóstico de câncer de mama: uma revisão bibliográfica reflexiva. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 52, e3556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e3556.2020.

Merhy, E. E., Baduy, R. S., Seixas, C. T., Almeida, D. E. da S., & Júnior, H. S. (2016). Avaliação compartilhada do cuidado em saúde: Surpreendendo o instituído nas redes. Rio de Janeiro: Hexis.

Minayo, M. C. de S. (org.). (2014). Pesquisa Social. Teoria, método e criatividade. Petrópolis: Vozes.

Nogueira, M. C., Guerra, M. R., Cintra, J. R. D., Corrêa, C. S. L., & Fayer, V. A, et al (2018). Racial disparity in 10-year breast cancer survival: A mediation analysis using potential responses approach. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 34(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00211717.

Oliveira, B. M. C., & Kubiak, F. (2019). Racismo institucional e a saúde da mulher negra: uma análise da produção científica brasileira. Saúde Debate, 43(122), 939-948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201912222.

Oliveira, C. S., & Ruas, M. G. S. S. (2020). O mito da hipersexualização a mulher negra. Revista Serviço Social em perspectiva, 2(especial), 88-97.

Pallok, k., Maio, F. de M., & Ansell, D. A. (2019). Structural Racism: A 60-Year-Old Black Woman with Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med, 380, 1489-1493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1811499.

Passos, R. G. (2020). Mulheres negras, sofrimento e cuidado colonial. Revista Em Pauta, 18(45). DOI: https://doi.org/10.12957/rep.2020.47219.

Quintana, R. A. C., Souza, I. C. dos S., Pereira, J. M., Pires, R. A., & Lima, R. S. G. S. et al (2020). Production of Interprofessional Care for the Person with Oncological Disease: A Study on the Patient’s Perspective. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res, 29(3), 22413-22418.

Quintana, R. A. C., Marinho, M. C. G., & Souza, M. C. de. (2021). Processos de trabalho interprofissional em pacientes com câncer. Práticas E Cuidado: Revista De Saúde Coletiva, 1, e12557.

Santos, L. M. V. R., Santos, M. P. S., Merces, M. C., Souza, J. N., & Souza, M. C. (2021). Barreiras de acesso em mulheres que vivem com câncer de mama. UNILUS: Ensino e Pesquisa, 18(50), 26-35.

Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Sauer, A. G., Fedewa, S. A., & Butterly, L. F. (2020), Colorectal cancer statistics. CA A Cancer J Clin, 70, 145-164. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21601.

Souza, M. C. de, Souza, J. N., & Merces, M, C. (2021). Racismo estrutural como barreira de acesso à saúde. J. of Multiprofessional Health Research, 02(02), e02.102.

Souza, M. C. de, Borges, J. C. dos S., Trindade, K. F., Santos R. S., & Brito, V. C. S. G., et al. (2020). Access Barriers and Health Care in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 11(1), 95–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2020.11.001594.

Souza, M. C. de, Borges, J. C. dos S., Trindade, K. F., Neves, B. P., & Serpa, E. D. et al. (2021). Resolutividade e ferramentas para cuidar: um estudo com mulheres que vivem com câncer de mama. Sanare - Revista de Políticas Públicas, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.36925/sanare.v20i2.1571.

Souza, M. C. de, Souza, J. N. (2020). Access, Care, Social Inequalities and The Pandemic COVID 19 In Brazil. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res, 31(4), 24327-24329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.31.005125.

Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., & Soerjomataram, I. (2020). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660.

Tavares, J. S. C., & Kuratani, S. M. de A. (2019). Manejo Clínico das Repercussões do Racismo entre Mulheres que se “Tornaram Negras”. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 39, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703003184764

Tortajada, J. S., Oliveira, T. S., Costa, C, K, F., Picinin, M. B., & Massuda, E. M. (2019). Desigualdades socioeconômicas na mortalidade por câncer de mama: revisão sistemática. Nucleus, 16(2), 441-452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.3673.

Zwane, D. (2021). “Our Beauty Is in Our Breasts”: A Culture-Centered Approach to Understanding Cancer Perceptions in Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa. Qualitative Health Research, 31(1), 148–159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320960417.

Published

27/07/2022

How to Cite

SERPA, E. D. .; SANTOS, D. L. dos; TRINDADE, K. F. .; CARDOSO, T. M. P. B.; SILVA, A. B. F. B. da; MACIEL, R. R. B. T. .; SOUZA, J. N. .; MERCES, M. C. das; SANTOS, M. P. de S.; SOUZA, M. C. de. Experiences of black women getting sick from breast cancer: The immanence of suffering and care. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 10, p. e175111032674, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32674. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32674. Acesso em: 25 apr. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences