Compuestos fenólicos, metilxantinas y conductores de preferencia del chocolates con alto contenido de cacao elaborados con cacao hibrido

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40782

Palabras clave:

Theobroma cacao; Cacao fino; Compuestos bioactivos; Aceptabilidad; Perfil sensorial.

Resumen

Las distintas propiedades de los granos de cacao pueden deberse a sus diferentes orígenes geográficos y genéticos que conducen a chocolates con diferentes características. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el chocolate con alto contenido de cacao elaborado a partir de granos de cacao híbridos cultivados en el Estado de Bahía, Brasil, en cuanto a la composición de compuestos bioactivos (espectrofotometría, Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución) y características sensoriales (Análisis Descriptivo Cuantitativo-QDA®, y prueba sensorial de aceptación). El mapa de preferencias externas se realizó utilizando primero el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) en los datos de QDA y luego relacionando la preferencia del consumidor (impresión global) con este espacio de PCA mediante análisis de regresión. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las variedades de cacao. Las muestras de chocolate que mostraron menor aceptabilidad también tenían niveles más altos de teobromina, cafeína, antocianinas y ácido gálico, lo que les dio mayores intensidades de amargor, astringencia y sabor intenso a cacao. Los niveles más bajos de metilxantinas, compuestos fenólicos monoméricos y antocianinas destacaron las notas afrutadas, dulces y caramelizadas, lo que contribuyó a una mayor aceptación de los chocolates. Por lo tanto, estas características pueden reconocerse como impulsores de la preferencia del consumidor (negativa y positiva, respectivamente) por los chocolates con alto contenido de cacao. Parece que los valores más altos de epicatequina y catequina no contribuyeron negativamente al sabor de las muestras de chocolate. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ser utilizados en la agricultura y en la industria del cacao/chocolate, sugiriendo el potencial y la aplicabilidad de un cacao híbrido promisorio, con importantes características, que representa un material genético de excelente calidad, que puede clasificarse como cacao con un fino sabor, asociando mayor valor al producto y contribuyendo a satisfacer las necesidades del consumidor.

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Publicado

16/04/2023

Cómo citar

MARTINS, L. M. .; SANTANA, L. R. R. de .; MACIEL, L. F.; SOARES, S. E.; FERREIRA, A. C. R.; BIASOTO, A. C. T.; BISPO, E. da S. Compuestos fenólicos, metilxantinas y conductores de preferencia del chocolates con alto contenido de cacao elaborados con cacao hibrido. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. e22912440782, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40782. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40782. Acesso em: 19 may. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas