The learning outcomes in classroom activities in EFL teaching

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i13.44427

Keywords:

Learning outcome; Learning activities; PPP approach; Application outcomes; Comprehension outcomes.

Abstract

The choice of learning activities has an impact on language learning. However, teachers do not always consider a learning outcome for each activity. Therefore, this research set out to identify if teachers consider learning outcomes in their planning, additionally, to identify the most common learning outcomes in the activities they choose for the classroom. This qualitative descriptive research methodology collected data through semi-structured interviews. Ten in-service teachers and ten student-teachers participated in the study. Data was analyzed using iterative content analysis. Results showed that teachers do not reflect learning outcomes for activities in their planning, but they do consider learning outcomes for their whole lessons. Analysis showed that outcomes mostly fall in the application and comprehension domains. It was concluded that teachers probably implement activities that go from controlled practice to production following the PPP approach. Results can be explained by the importance that teachers and institutions give to the practice and production of the language.

Author Biographies

Nahum Samperio Sánchez, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

Nahum Samperio Sánchez cuenta con una licenciatura en la docencia del idioma inglés por la
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Es Doctor y Maestro en la Enseñanza del idioma
inglés por la universidad de Southampton, Reino Unido.  Es profesor investigador y miembro
del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI), Nivel 1. Actualmente, es responsable del
departamento del Doctorado en Ciencias del Lenguaje en la Facultad de Idiomas. Además, es participante del
Cuerpo Académico de Política Lingüística y Enseñanza de Lenguas en la UABC.

Mayús Loaiza Espinosa, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

Mayús Loaiza Espinosa es estudiante de la Licenciatura en Enseñanza de
Lenguas de la Facultad de Idiomas en UABC, campus Tijuana. Es miembro propietario del
Consejo Técnico de la Facultad de Idiomas. Dentro de sus intereses se encuentra la
investigación en los temas de los objetivos de aprendizaje en las clases de inglés y los
elementos considerados para las actividades de aprendizaje.

References

Adjoe, C. (2020). The Effect on Learning Objectives and Outcomes of Students’ Inability to Develop Language Competencies for Appropriate Communication at the Undergraduate Level. English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies, 2(3), 64-79. https://doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v2n3p64

Aziz, A. A., Yusof, K. M., & Yatim, J. M. (2012). Evaluation on the effectiveness of learning outcomes from students’ perspectives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 22-30.

Azmahani, A., Khairiyah, M., & Jamaludin, M. (2012). Evaluation on the effectiveness of learning outcomes from students’ perspectives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56, 22-30.

Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives. HANDBOOK 1 Cognitive Domain. Longmans.

Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge University Press.

Caladine, R. (2008). Learning Activities Model. In L. Tomei (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Technology Curriculum Integration. IGI Global.

Chatterjee, D., & Corral, J. (2017). How to write well-defined learning objectives. The journal of education in perioperative medicine: JEPM, 19(4).

Cinca, M. M., Martínez, J. A., Oria, V. O., Río, C. J., Meilán, J. G., & De Pedro, B. Z. (2013). La evaluación de competencias mediante la definición de resultados de aprendizaje. XI Jornadas de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria: Retos de futuro en la enseñanza superior: Docencia e investigación para alcanzar la excelencia académica, 2025-2034.

DePaul University. (s.f.). Course Objectives & Learning Outcomes. DePaul Teaching Commons. https://resources.depaul.edu/teaching-commons/teaching-guides/course-design/Pages/course-objectives-learning-outcomes.aspx

Dewaele, J.-M. (2020). If classroom emotions were music, teachers would be conductors and learners would be members of the orchestra. In O. Mentz & K. Papaja (Eds.), Focus on language: Challenging language learning and language teaching in peace and global education. Lit Verlag.

Dorman, J. P., Fisher, D. L., & Waldrip, B. G. (2006). Classroom environment, students’ perceptions of assessment, academic efficacy and attitude to science: A LISREL analysis. In F. Darrell & K. M. Swe (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to research on learning environments: Worldviews. World Scientific.

Farid, M. (2014). Teachers’ difficulties in lesson planning [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]. Repository.upi.edu

García, J. (2021). Analysis of the competencies and learning outcomes concepts of virtual environments. OPENAIRE.

Gari, B. P. R., & Vidyalayam, S. P. M. V. (2020). Activities-Enormous Importance in the Modern English Language Classroom. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(9), 428-430.

Graves, K. (2000). Designing Language Courses: A guide for teachers. Heinle & Heinle Publishers.

Harden, R. M. (2002). Learning outcomes and instructional objectives: is there a difference? Medical teacher, 24(2), 151-155.

Harmer, J. (1998). How to teach English. Longman.

Harmer, J. (2001).The practice of English language teaching. Pearson.

Hellström, R. (2015). Task Based Language Teaching versus Presentation Practice Production: A Comparison of Two Language Teaching Methods.

Kennedy, D. (2006). Writing and using learning outcomes: a practical guide. University College Cork.

Krashen, S. (1985), The Input Hypothesis: Issues and implications. Longman.

Kyndt, E., Gijbels, D., Grosemans, I., & Donche, V. (2016). Teachers’ everyday professional development: Mapping informal learning activities, antecedents, and learning outcomes. Review of educational research, 86(4), 1111-1150.

Nodirovna, N. N., & Temirovna, P. M. (2022). Principles of designing lesson plans for teaching ESL or EFL. Eurasian Journal of Learning and Academic Teaching, 5, 10-12.

Putri, A. (2016). EFL teachers’ understanding in developing lesson plan. Indonesian EFLJournal, 2(1), 1-11.

Richards, J. C. (1996). Teachers' maxims in language teaching. TESOL quarterly, 30(2), 281-296.

Richards, J.C. (s.f.). The Role of Textbooks in a Language Program. Professor Jack C. Richards: The Official Website of Educator Jack C. Richards. https://www.professorjackrichards.com/wp-content/uploads/role-of-textbooks.pdf

Richards, J.C., & Bohkle, D. (2011). Creating Effective Language Lessons. Cambridge.

Richards, J. C., & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. Cambridge University Press.

Samperio, N. (2017). Discovering students’ preference for classroom activities and teachers’ activity use. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 19(1), 51-66.

Sewagegn, A. (2020). Learning objective and assessment linkage: its contribution to meaningful student learning. Univers J Edu Res, 8(11), 5044-5052.

Ur, P. (2012). A course in English language teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Xaydarova, N. G. (2022). Importance of lesson plans in teaching process. Zamonaviy dunyoda pedagogika va psixologiya: Nazariy va amaliy izlanishlar, 1(10), 68-70.

Yamanaka, A., & Wu, L. Y. (2014). Rethinking Trends in Instructional Objectives: Exploring the Alignment of Objectives with Activities and Assessment in Higher Education--A Case Study. International Journal of Instruction, 7(2), 75-88.

Zhao, Y., Muhamad, M. M., & Mustakim, S. S. (2022). English Teaching Objectives from the Perspective of Bloom's Cognitive Domain: A Case Study of Yuxi Normal University, China. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 5622-5635.

Published

08/12/2023

How to Cite

SAMPERIO SÁNCHEZ, N. .; LOAIZA ESPINOSA, M. The learning outcomes in classroom activities in EFL teaching . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 13, p. e129121344427, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i13.44427. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44427. Acesso em: 14 may. 2024.

Issue

Section

Teaching and Education Sciences