The effects of electronic cigarettes on the oral cavity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i10.49646Keywords:
Vaping, E-cigarett, Periodontitis, Oral health.Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECs), also known as "vapes," can cause negative effects on the oral cavity, including significant periodontal and dental changes, oral mucosal effects, changes in the microbiota and salivary glands, and impaired wound healing. The objective of this study was to analyze, synthesize, and discuss the main impacts of e-cigarettes on the oral cavity. Therefore, an integrative literature review was conducted in the PubMed databases via MEDLINE, PubMed Central, SciELO, and LILACS, in response to the guiding question: "What are the effects of e-cigarettes on the oral cavity?" Nine articles were eligible, highlighting the potential for e-cigarette use as a cause of deleterious effects on the oral cavity, such as periodontitis, caries, dysbiosis, oral mucosal lesions, and xerostomia. In addition to the damage caused to the oral cavity, e-cigarettes can cause cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is therefore essential for dentists to understand the impacts of e-cigarette use on the oral cavity in order to make an accurate diagnosis, provide patient guidance, and encourage them to quit smoking. Evidence-based knowledge of the harmful effects on the oral cavity is essential for raising awareness and implementing preventive measures through public policies and continuing education.
References
Alkattan, R., Tashkandi, N., Mirdad, A., Ali, H. T., Alshibani, N., & Allam, E. (2025). Effects of electronic cigarettes on periodontal health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Dental Journal, 75(3), 2014–2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.036.
Alsenaidi, J., Alnowaiser, A., AlDawsari, M., & Alharbi, N. (2025). Correlation between e-cigarette use and salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity: A cross-sectional pilot study. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6194322/v1.
Carvalho, B. F. do C., Faria, N. de C., Foiani, L., Nepomuceno, G. L. J. T., Cavalcanti, D. R., Alves, M. G. O., Martinho, H. da S., Pérez-Sayáns, M., & Almeida, J. D. (2024). Oral mucosa and saliva alterations related to vape. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 10(4), e926. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.926.
Cichońska, D., Kusiak, A., & Goniewicz, M. L. (2024). The impact of E-cigarettes on oral health-A narrative review. Dentistry Journal, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120404.
Cichońska, D., Kusiak, A., Kochańska, B., Ochocińska, J., & Świetlik, D. (2022). Influence of electronic cigarettes on selected physicochemical properties of saliva. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063314.
Figueredo, C. A., Abdelhay, N., Figueredo, C. M., Catunda, R., & Gibson, M. P. (2021). The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 7(3), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.360.
Kumar, P. S., Clark, P., Brinkman, M. C., & Saxena, D. (2019). Novel nicotine delivery systems. Advances in Dental Research, 30(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519872475.
Martell, K. M., Boyd, L. D., Giblin-Scanlon, L. J., & Vineyard, J. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young adults regarding the impact of electronic cigarette use on oral health. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 151(12), 903–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.002.
Pereira, A. S. (2019). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1.
Poli, C. V., & Bona, V. (2024). Influência do cigarro eletrônico na saúde bucal. Rev Lumen et Virtus, 15(43), 7732–7739. https://doi.org/10.56238/levv15n43-007.
Prince, Y., Davison, GM, Davids, SF, Erasmus, RT, Kengne, AP, Raghubeer, S., & Matsha, TE. (2024). The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiota in a South African population using subgingival plaque samples. Heliyon, 10 (10).
Revista Prime. (s. d.). Revista Prime. https://www.primerevista.com.br/post/popular-entre-os-jovens-cigarro-eletronico-causa-muitos-maleficios-a-saude.
Saleh, S. M., Shata, A., Tiryag, A. M., Malak, B. G., Okour, A. M. A., Atiyah, M. A., Al-Khaboori, W., Raslan, M., Helmy, A. A., Al-Howaity, A., Saeed, R. N., Aboelkhier, M. M., Aldahoud, M. U., Malkawi, A. S., Habib, O., Hassan, N. A., & DARS Consortium. (2025). Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 20287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05439-6.
Shabil, M., Khatib, M. N., Ballal, S., Bansal, P., Tomar, B. S., Ashraf, A., Kumar, M. R., Sinha, A., Rawat, P., Gaidhane, A. M., Sah, S., Bushi, G., Singh, M. P., Bhopte, K., Dziedzic, A., & Pant, M. (2024). The impact of electronic cigarette use on periodontitis and periodontal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), 1197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05018-7.
Szumilas, P., Wilk, A., Szumilas, K., & Karakiewicz, B. (2022). The effects of E-cigarette aerosol on oral cavity cells and tissues: A narrative review. Toxics, 10(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020074.
Tanaka, T. I., et al. (2024). Electronic cigarettes and oral health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(4), 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040551.
Thiem, D. G. E., Donkiewicz, P., Rejaey, R., Wiesmann-Imilowski, N., Deschner, J., Al-Nawas, B., & Kämmerer, P. W. (2023). The impact of electronic and conventional cigarettes on periodontal health—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 27(9), 4911–4928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05162-4
Wasfi, R. A., Bang, F., de Groh, M., Champagne, A., Han, A., Lang, J. J., McFaull, S. R., Melvin, A., Pipe, A. L., Saxena, S., Thompson, W., Warner, E., & Prince, S. A. (2022). Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 959622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.959622
Yang, I., Rodriguez, J., Young Wright, C., & Hu, Y.-J. (2023). Oral microbiome of electronic cigarette users: A cross-sectional exploration. Oral Diseases, 29(4), 1875–1884. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14186
Yang, I., Sandeep, S., & Rodriguez, J. (2020). The oral health impact of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 50(2), 97–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2020.1713726
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maurílio Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior, Selmara Martins de Assis, Fernanda Alves Pena
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
