Determining factors of childhood obesity: Its impacts and influences

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i10.49761

Keywords:

Childhood obesity, Ultra-processed foods, Screen time, Food and nutrition education, Public policies, Food education.

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity is growing worldwide and is already considered one of the greatest public health concerns. This situation goes beyond childhood overweight, as it can impair healthy growth, increase the risk of diseases in adulthood, and generate emotional and social impacts that affect children's daily lives. Objective: To investigate the main factors contributing to childhood obesity and understand its effects on physical, psychological, and social health.  Final thoughts: childhood obesity isn't caused by a single factor, but is the result of various habits and situations that are part of a child's life. To avoid this problem, we need to join forces in different areas, create policies that encourage healthier eating, ensure safe places to play and exercise, control advertising of ultra-processed products, and strengthen nutrition education in schools. In this scenario, nutritionists play a very important role in helping families and communities make better choices, thus contributing to children growing up healthier and with a better quality of life.

References

Alkhattib, A., & Obita, G. (2024). Childhood obesity and its comorbidities in high-risk minority populations: Prevalence, prevention and lifestyle intervention guidelines. Nutrients, 16(11), 1730. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38892662/.

Baratto, P. S., Sangalli, C. N., Leffa, P. dos S., Valmorbida, J. L., & Vitolo, M. R. (2025). Associations between children’s dietary patterns, excessive weight gain, and obesity risk: Cohort study nested to a randomized field trial. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 43, e2024117. https://www.scielo.br/j/rpp/a/CQK3KLZfKTVZWbPsRx4RfNM/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Bastos, C. de O., et al. (2020). Deficiência do aleitamento materno exclusivo como contribuinte para a obesidade infantil. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico, 17, e5757. https://acervomais.com.br/index.php/cientifico/article/view/5757.

Brown, C. L., et al. (2018). Obesity prevention and treatment in primary care. Academic Pediatrics, 18(6), 736–745. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852268/.

Eskenazi, E. M. de S., Coletto, Y. C., Agostini, L. T. P., Fonseca, F. L. A., & Castelo, P. M. (2018). Fatores socioeconômicos associados à obesidade infantil em escolares do município de Carapicuíba (SP, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde, 22(3), 247–254. https://periodicos.ufpb.br/index.php/rbcs/article/view/29758.

Freitas, D. A., Soares, B. A., Gomes, A. R., Castro, T. P. A., Freitas, B. A. A., Gomes, H. R. C., Lacerda, A. C. R., Lanza, F. C., Ferreira, F. de O., Mendonça, V. A., & Leite, H. R. (2025). Adiposidade, estresse e atividade física habitual são preditores da função executiva e desempenho em tarefas de memória em crianças e adolescentes obesos. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa, 32, e24016824pt. https://www.scielo.br/j/fp/a/xwPXjdVW7QnymMGSsd6FShs/?format=pdf&lang=pt.

Ghasemirad, M., Ketabi, L., Fayyazishishavan, E., Hojati, A., Maleki, Z. H., Gerami, M. H., Moradzadeh, M., Ortiz Fernandez, J. H., & Akhavan-Sigari, R. (2023). The association between screen use and central obesity among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 42(51), 1–14.https://jhpn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41043-023-00391-5.

Leung, A. K. C., Wong, A. H. C., & Hon, K. L. (2024). Childhood obesity: An updated review. Current Pediatric Reviews, 20(1), 2–26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35927921/.

Li, L., et al. (2017). Sleep duration and obesity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53(4), 378–385. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073179/.

Lopes, A., Valois, A. L. V., Lisboa, H. L. de A., Gomes, A. N., Lago, R., Menezes, C. A., & Ladeia, A. M. T. (2025). Assessment of overweight/obesity and elevation of blood pressure in schools in rural and urban area in the backlands of Bahia. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 38, e20240136. https://www.scielo.br/j/ijcs/a/DLHFc377d3dRgjqsZN4Y48K/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Mescoloto, S. B., Pongiluppi, G., & Domene, S. M. Á. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and children and adolescents’ health. Jornal de Pediatria, 100(Supl. 1), S18–S30. https://www.scielo.br/j/jped/a/bZZVTPmRXBfpQjbbKqz38WJ/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Nilson, E. A. F., et al. (2025). Trends in the prevalence of obesity and estimation of the direct health costs attributable to child and adolescent obesity in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. PLoS One, 20(3), 1–15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39820857/.

Nogueira-de-Almeida, C. A., Weffort, V. R. S., Ued, F. da V., Ferraz, I. S., Contini, A. A., Martinez, E. Z., & Del Ciampo, L. A. (2024). What causes obesity in children and adolescents? Jornal de Pediatria, 100(Supl. 1), S48–S56. https://www.scielo.br/j/jped/a/h7c6HQXK3zDL44SfmN5m4hp/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Odoms-Young, A., Brown, A. G. M., Agurs-Collins, T., & Glanz, K. (2024). Food insecurity, neighborhood food environment, and health disparities: State of the science, research gaps and opportunities. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(3), 850–861. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38160801/.

Paes, S. T., Marins, J. C. B., & Andreazzi, A. E. (2015). Metabolic effects of exercise on childhood obesity: A current view. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 33(1), 122–129. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2359348215300385?ref=cra_js_challenge&fr=RR-1.

Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.

Pivetta, S. L., & Werner, M. (2022). O aleitamento materno como efeito protetor da obesidade infantil: Uma revisão bibliográfica. RECISATEC – Revista Científica Saúde e Tecnologia, 2(3), 1–14. https://recisatec.com.br/recisatec/article/view/110/89.

Ribeiro, G. J. S., et al. (2021). Consumption of ultra-processed foods in Brazilian children: An analysis of regional trends. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, e77–e83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34340893/.

Rocha, N. P., Milagres, L. C., Filgueiras, M. de S., Suhett, L. G., Silva, M. A., Albuquerque, F. M. de, Ribeiro, A. Q., Vieira, S. A., & Novaes, J. F. de. (2019). Association of dietary patterns with excess weight and body adiposity in Brazilian children: The PASE-Brasil study. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 113(1), 52–59.https://www.scielo.br/j/abc/a/YcgRszTP6yn3tFY9SN3YYkc/?format=html&lang=en.

Rother, E. T. (2007). Revisão sistemática x revisão narrativa. Acta paul. enferm. 20 (2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002007000200001.

Santos, M. F. S. R., Tamelini, S. L., Rosado, G. de P., Aguiar, M. F., & Tavares, M. R. (2023). Obesidade infantil no Brasil: Uma revisão de literatura. Research, Society and Development, 12(11), e59121143699. https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/43699.

Silva Neto, A. A. da, Espada, A. T., Vicente, A. D., Sá, B. R. A. de, Costa, C. M. de S., Santos, C. F. N. S., Nascimbeni, G. T., Gonçalves, I. D., Capatto, J. M. P., Barreto, L. B., Santos, L. C. dos, Nascimento, L. B., Lima, L. M. C., Biel, L. E. V., Pires, M. E. B. T., Novaes, M. E. O., Cartaxo, M. H., Contini, N. F., Fernandes Neto, N. C., & Silva, T. P. da. (2024). Fatores determinantes da obesidade infantil e o impacto das intervenções de saúde pública: Desafios e soluções. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 6(11), 3500–3510. https://periodicos.ufpb.br/index.php/rbcs/article/view/29758.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339.

Verga, S. M. P., Mazza, V. de A., Teodoro, F. C., Girardon-Perlini, N. M. O., Marcon, S. S., Rodrigues, É. T. de A. F., & Ruthes, V. B. T. N. M. (2022). O sistema familiar buscando a transformação do seu comportamento alimentar diante da obesidade infantil. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(4), e20210616. https://www.scielo.br/j/reben/a/qFN69npDkHg4tL9fPZdNNLw/?format=pdf&lang=pt.

World Health Organization. (2025, May 7). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.

Published

2025-10-17

Issue

Section

Health Sciences

How to Cite

Determining factors of childhood obesity: Its impacts and influences. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 10, p. e105141049761, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i10.49761. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49761. Acesso em: 9 dec. 2025.