Recesión gingival: Una revisión narrativa de la evidencia actual

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i10.49659

Palabras clave:

Recesión, Gingival, Periodoncia.

Resumen

La Recesión Gingival (RG) se caracteriza por la pérdida de tejido gingival alrededor de los dientes, lo que puede comprometer la estética, favorecer la hipersensibilidad dentinaria, aumentar el riesgo de caries radicular y dificultar el control del biofilm. Es un hallazgo común en la práctica clínica diaria. Objetivo: verificar, a través de una revisión narrativa, la evidencia actual relacionada con los factores de riesgo, la etiología y el tratamiento de la RG. Metodología: se seleccionaron estudios transversales, longitudinales y revisiones sistemáticas indexados en las bases de datos MEDLINE y PubMed, en portugués o inglés, utilizando los términos “recesión gingival y etiología”, “recesión gingival y epidemiología” y “recesión gingival y cirugía”, o simplemente “recesión gingival”. Discusión: Los estudios epidemiológicos y longitudinales informan que la RG es altamente prevalente en la población adulta, con más del 50% de los individuos presentando uno o más sitios con recesión gingival de 1 mm o más. Su etiología es multifactorial, con diferentes factores relacionados que pueden actuar en asociación, tales como biofilm bacteriano, cepillado traumático, factores locales de retención de placa, tabaquismo y movimientos ortodónticos. El injerto de tejido conectivo sigue siendo el abordaje clínico de mayor previsibilidad para el recubrimiento radicular en RG. Conclusión: El mecanismo por el cual ocurre la RG aún no está completamente entendido. Constituye una condición común en la mayoría de las poblaciones, frecuentemente percibida por los pacientes, lo que los lleva a buscar orientación profesional y tratamiento.

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Publicado

2025-10-04

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Recesión gingival: Una revisión narrativa de la evidencia actual. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 10, p. e141049659, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i10.49659. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49659. Acesso em: 11 dec. 2025.