Riesgos y efectos del consumo de cafeína procedente de bebidas energéticas: Una perspectiva de salud pública

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i11.50024

Palabras clave:

Cafeína, Bebidas energéticas, Salud colectiva, Adolescentes, Marketing.

Resumen

El consumo de bebidas energéticas ha aumentado de forma significativa en las últimas décadas, especialmente entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, convirtiéndose en una creciente preocupación para la salud pública. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los riesgos y efectos del consumo de cafeína proveniente de estas bebidas desde la perspectiva de la salud colectiva brasileña. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, considerando artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2024. El análisis reunió estudios que discuten los impactos fisiológicos, conductuales y sociales relacionados con el consumo de bebidas energéticas, organizados en categorías temáticas. Los resultados muestran que la cafeína, principal componente activo, actúa como una sustancia psicoactiva con riesgo de dependencia y puede causar efectos adversos cuando se consume en exceso, como alteraciones cardiovasculares, trastornos del sueño y ansiedad. Entre las principales motivaciones para el consumo se encuentran la curiosidad, la necesidad de mejorar el rendimiento en los estudios y el trabajo, la influencia de los amigos y el fuerte atractivo del marketing, especialmente en medios digitales y deportes. Otro aspecto preocupante es la asociación frecuente con el alcohol, que potencia los riesgos. Se concluye que el consumo de bebidas energéticas representa un desafío para la salud colectiva, requiriendo políticas públicas de regulación, acciones educativas y una mayor concienciación, especialmente entre los jóvenes.

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Publicado

2025-11-13

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Riesgos y efectos del consumo de cafeína procedente de bebidas energéticas: Una perspectiva de salud pública. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 11, p. e86141150024, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i11.50024. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50024. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.