Incidencia de colelitiasis en pacientes con diagnóstico de obesidad sometidos a gastrectomía vertical versus bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux. Estudio retrospectivo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50443

Palabras clave:

Colelitiasis, Cirugía bariátrica, Pérdida de peso, Gastrectomía vertical, Bypass gástrico.

Resumen

Introducción: La colelitiasis es una complicación metabólica frecuente tras la cirugía bariátrica, especialmente en pacientes con pérdida ponderal acelerada y cambios fisiológicos significativos en el postoperatorio. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la velocidad de pérdida de peso y la aparición de colelitiasis en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica (bypass gástrico o gastrectomía vertical). Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico, retrospectivo y longitudinal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel, que incluyó 401 pacientes adultos intervenidos entre enero de 2023 y junio de 2025. Se analizaron datos clínicos, antropométricos y ultrasonográficos a los 3 y 6 meses del postoperatorio. La velocidad de pérdida de peso se expresó en kg/mes, aplicándose análisis descriptivos, bivariados y modelos de regresión logística ajustados.  Resultados: La incidencia de colelitiasis fue similar entre las técnicas quirúrgicas a los 3 meses, pero significativamente mayor en el grupo bypass a los 6 meses (18,4% vs. 8,5%; p < 0,001). A los 3 meses, una mayor velocidad de pérdida de peso se asoció de forma independiente con mayor riesgo de colelitiasis, asociación no observada a los 6 meses. No se identificó un efecto modificador significativo de la técnica quirúrgica. Conclusión: La colelitiasis postbariátrica fue más frecuente tras el bypass gástrico; sin embargo, la velocidad de pérdida ponderal se identificó como el principal factor asociado a la litogénesis, independientemente de la técnica quirúrgica.

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Publicado

2025-12-29

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Incidencia de colelitiasis en pacientes con diagnóstico de obesidad sometidos a gastrectomía vertical versus bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux. Estudio retrospectivo. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 12, p. e190141250443, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50443. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50443. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2026.