Biomarcadores utilizados en el diagnóstico de la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i11.49983

Palabras clave:

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Biomarcadores, Diagnóstico.

Resumen

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una enfermedad metabólica crónica con una prevalencia mundial creciente, caracterizada por resistencia a la insulina y disfunción de las células pancreáticas. El diagnóstico precoz y el seguimiento adecuado son esenciales para prevenir las complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre biomarcadores utilizados en el diagnóstico, el pronóstico y el seguimiento de la DM2. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2011 y 2025, en portugués e inglés, indexados en bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO y las guías de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA). Los resultados resaltan la importancia de biomarcadores clásicos, como la glucemia en ayunas, la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) y el perfil lipídico, que siguen siendo fundamentales en la práctica clínica debido a su accesibilidad y correlación con el control glucémico y el riesgo cardiovascular. Además, los biomarcadores inflamatorios (IL-6, TNF-α, PCR), hormonales (péptido C, leptina, adiponectina), genéticos (TCF7L2, SLC30A8) e inmunológicos (autoanticuerpos anti-GAD) han demostrado un valor complementario en la estratificación del riesgo, la identificación de fenotipos específicos (como la diabetes autoinmune latente del adulto [LADA]) y la personalización del tratamiento. Se concluye que la integración de múltiples clases de biomarcadores permite un abordaje más preciso e individualizado en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), reforzando la tendencia hacia la medicina de precisión.

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2025-11-11

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Biomarcadores utilizados en el diagnóstico de la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 11, p. e77141149983, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i11.49983. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49983. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.