Síndrome de Goldenhar: Implicações craniofaciais com ênfase na articulação temporomandibular e abordagens terapêuticas

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50465

Palavras-chave:

Síndrome de Goldenhar, Articulação Temporomandibular, Microssomia Hemifacial.

Resumo

A Síndrome de Goldenhar (SG) é um espectro de malformações que acomete principalmente estruturas derivadas do primeiro e segundo arcos branquiais, resultando em alterações de mandíbula, maxila e orelhas, podendo estar associada a anomalias oculares e vertebrais. A condição caracteriza-se, em geral, pelo comprometimento craniofacial unilateral, sendo a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) uma das manifestações mais relevantes, por impactar funções orofaciais como mastigação, deglutição, fonação e estética facial. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, as alterações craniofaciais associadas à SG, com ênfase na ATM, além de discutir abordagens terapêuticas e o papel do cirurgião-dentista na reabilitação funcional e estética. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico nas bases PubMed e LILACS, inicialmente com 50 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, dos quais 29 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram analisados quanto às manifestações anatômicas, classificações e possibilidades terapêuticas. Os pacientes com SG podem apresentar desde hipoplasia condilar até ausência da ATM, além de alterações na fossa glenoide e no disco articular, resultando em assimetria facial, má oclusão e limitações funcionais. Os sistemas de classificação de Pruzansky-Kaban e OMENS+ auxiliam na definição da gravidade da deformidade e no planejamento terapêutico individualizado. As opções de tratamento incluem ortopedia funcional, enxertos ósseos, distração osteogênica e próteses aloplásticas, geralmente em abordagem multidisciplinar. Conclui-se que a SG compromete significativamente a ATM, exigindo acompanhamento precoce e contínuo, sendo a atuação do cirurgião-dentista fundamental no reconhecimento das alterações estruturais e no planejamento terapêutico adequado.

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2025-12-23

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Síndrome de Goldenhar: Implicações craniofaciais com ênfase na articulação temporomandibular e abordagens terapêuticas. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 12, p. e166141250465, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50465. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50465. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2026.