Análisis de las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41772

Palabras clave:

Programa de control de infecciones hospitalarias; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Unidades de cuidados intensivos; Infecciones relacionadas con cateteres; Control de infecciones.

Resumen

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria (IAAS) constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil de las IAAS en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en un hospital público del sur de Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, realizado entre marzo de 2020 y octubre de 2021, de pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en UCI con IRAS. Resultados: La principal infección fue la neumonía asociada al ventilador (230 casos), seguida de infecciones del tracto urinario (160 casos) e infecciones del torrente sanguíneo (103 casos), asociadas a la presencia de catéter. En cuanto a los principales microorganismos, destacó la alta prevalencia del Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente (112 casos) en la neumonía asociada a ventilador con un aumento creciente en el periodo analizado. Las infecciones fúngicas fueron expresivas, especialmente Candida albicans. Los pacientes con neumonía asociada a ventilador presentaron menor mortalidad (OR= 0,31; p= 0,034), que aumentó significativamente con el incremento de días de estancia en UCI (OR= 3,02; p= 0,0000007). El perfil de los pacientes fue mayoritariamente masculino, con uso significativo de antimicrobianos y antifúngicos, alto grado de afectación pulmonar y evolución a muerte. Entre los predictores de mortalidad, el más impactante fue la insuficiencia renal aguda (OR= 4,45; p=0,0002) y el menos relacionado el tromboembolismo pulmonar (OR=0,47; p= 0,0167).  Conclusión: Se evidenció el alto porcentaje de IRAS bacterianas y fúngicas. El mayor predictor de mortalidad fue la insuficiencia renal aguda, mientras que el de menor mortalidad fue el tromboembolismo pulmonar.

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26/05/2023

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KARAS, B.; SOUZA, A. C. M. F. de .; JUPEN, G. A. .; RICKLI, G. Ângelo F. .; ITO, C. A. S. .; MONTES, E. G. .; BAIL, L. .; GASPAR, M. D. da R. . Análisis de las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. e25412541772, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41772. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/41772. Acesso em: 18 may. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud