Metástase para a cavidade oral: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.37418Palavras-chave:
Metástase neoplásica; Neoplasias bucais; Revisão sistemática.Resumo
O presente estudo se propôs a revisar sistematicamente relatos de casos de metástase para cavidade oral e compilar características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas e histopatológicas, com o objetivo de identificar aspectos comuns que possam favorecer o diagnóstico precoce dessa condição. Os artigos foram encontrados por meio de busca nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed; EMBASE; LIVIVO; Web of Science; LILACS; Scopus e SciELO. A busca foi realizada no mês de março de 2021 por dois pesquisadores independentes, sem restrições de data de publicação ou idioma. Um total de 2379 estudos foram recuperados e 60 artigos preencheram completamente os critérios de inclusão, totalizando 65 casos de 19 países. Os casos de metástase para a cavidade oral foram pouco frequentes no sexo masculino (1,7:1) na sexta década de vida, manifestando-se em tecidos moles orais (58%, 37/65), originando-se principalmente dos pulmões (20%, 13/65), como local primário. O adenocarcinoma foi o tipo de malignidade mais relatado. Em 51% dos casos a lesão metastática oral foi o primeiro sinal de câncer e 60% dos pacientes já apresentavam metástase para outras localizações. Em 23% dos laudos, apenas lesões benignas foram consideradas como hipótese diagnóstica, devido à notável semelhança clínica com lesões hiperplásicas, reativas e infecções odontogênicas. A probabilidade de sobrevida em 6 meses após o diagnóstico de metástase oral foi de 49%. Lesões metastáticas para a cavidade oral são muitas vezes diagnosticadas erroneamente como lesões benignas; devido à sua gravidade e rápida evolução, devem ser considerados no processo de diagnóstico diferencial, conduzido por equipe multidisciplinar de saúde composta por cirurgião-dentista, principalmente para pacientes com história de câncer.
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