La comunidad fúngica y las propiedades químicas del suelo no son afectadas directamente por el algodón Bt

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i11.49956

Palabras clave:

Algodón transgénico, Microbiota, Ecología del suelo, Diversidad, Hongos.

Resumen

El algodón transgénico se cultiva en Brasil desde 2005, incluyendo plantas que expresan el gen cry, derivado de la bacteria entomopatógena Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Esta tecnología se ha considerado eficiente para el control de insectos plaga objetivo. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre si estas plantas transgénicas pueden afectar los hongos del suelo y la química del suelo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del algodón genéticamente modificado resistente a insectos sobre la comunidad fúngica del suelo y la química del suelo. El experimento se realizó en el área agrícola de la Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, municipio de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Se plantaron dos cultivares de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.; Malvales: Malvaceae), una que expresaba un gen de Bt y otra sin el gen exógeno. Las muestras de suelo se recolectaron mensualmente a lo largo del ciclo del cultivo. La cantidad de hongos en el suelo se determinó mediante cultivo en placas de Petri, por triplicado, utilizando el medio de cultivo de Martin y diluciones seriadas de suelo. A partir de los aislados, las morfoespecies se identificaron mediante la amplificación y secuenciación de la región ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) del rDNA. El número de unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos y la riqueza de especies no fueron directamente influenciados por el tipo de algodón cultivado ni por las diferentes etapas de crecimiento. Del mismo modo, el cultivo de algodón Bt no afectó la química del suelo, aunque se observaron diferencias entre los distintos tiempos de muestreo. En general, nuestra investigación contribuye al conocimiento actual sobre la agricultura en zonas tropicales, mostrando que no hay evidencia aparente del efecto del algodón Bt sobre las comunidades fúngicas y la química del suelo.

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Publicado

2025-11-08

Número

Sección

Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas

Cómo citar

La comunidad fúngica y las propiedades químicas del suelo no son afectadas directamente por el algodón Bt. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 11, p. e55141149956, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i11.49956. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49956. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.