Neutropenia febril en pacientes oncológicos: una revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40347

Palabras clave:

Neutropenia febril; Neutropenia febril inducida por quimioterapia; Neutropenia.

Resumen

Introducción: La neutropenia febril en la actualidad es una condición frecuentemente observada en el ámbito de la terapia oncológica. Esta complicación está asociada con el uso de quimioterapia. Objetivo: contribuir a la reducción continua de la mortalidad asociada a esta condición, a través de un abordaje centrado en la estratificación del riesgo y la antibioticoterapia precoz de amplio espectro. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y UptoDate. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los descriptores: "Neutropenia febril"; "Neutropenia en pacientes con cáncer", "Fiebre post quimioterapia" y "Neutropenia febril post quimioterapia". La pregunta orientadora fue: “¿Qué estratificación de riesgo y tratamiento son los más adecuados para los pacientes oncológicos con neutropenia febril?”. Se seleccionaron artículos entre los años 2010 a 2023. Se excluyeron artículos que no respondieron a la pregunta guía. Se encontraron 237 artículos, de los cuales 34 cumplieron con los criterios preestablecidos. Resultados y Discusión: La fiebre es comúnmente reportada en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a quimioterapia. En la mayoría de los casos no se encuentra el foco infeccioso. Los individuos con neutropenia febril se clasifican según la gravedad del cuadro clínico, la intensidad de la neutropenia y según el régimen de quimioterapia utilizado. El reconocimiento temprano y el inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica son esenciales para un buen pronóstico. Se concluye que una adecuada estratificación de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento en un corto período de tiempo conducen a una reducción de la mortalidad.

Citas

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Publicado

12/02/2023

Cómo citar

LIMBERGER, L. M. .; BONFIM FILHO, J. A. . Neutropenia febril en pacientes oncológicos: una revisión de la literatura . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. e27812240347, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40347. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40347. Acesso em: 15 may. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud